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Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is an iron-chromium alloy prized for its corrosion resistance, strength, and clean appearance. The chromium content (minimum 10.5%) forms a passive oxide layer that self-heals when scratched, providing long-term protection without coatings. The two most common grades in fabrication are 304 and 316. Grade 304 covers the vast majority of general-purpose applications, while 316 adds molybdenum for superior resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in marine and chemical environments.

Key Properties

Density8.0 g/cm³
Tensile Strength515 MPa (typical)
Yield Strength205 MPa (typical)
Elongation40%
Melting Point1,400–1,450°C
Chromium Content18% (304) / 16% (316)

Grades

Property304316
Tensile Strength515 MPa515 MPa
Yield Strength205 MPa205 MPa
Elongation40%40%
Hardness201 HB217 HB
Density8.0 g/cm³8.0 g/cm³
Corrosion ResistanceGoodExcellent (marine grade)
CostLower~20–30% more than 304
MagneticSlightlyNo

304

The most widely used stainless steel grade. Contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Suitable for food and beverage equipment, architectural features, kitchen equipment, and general corrosion-resistant applications. Performs well in most indoor and mild outdoor environments.

316

Marine-grade stainless steel containing 2–3% molybdenum for superior pitting and crevice corrosion resistance. Essential for coastal installations, chemical processing, medical equipment, and any environment with chloride exposure (salt water, pool chemicals, cleaning agents).

Available Thicknesses

Common laser cutting thicknesses: 0.9mm, 1.2mm, 1.6mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm. Thinner gauges (0.5mm, 0.7mm) available for specialised applications.

Fabrication Notes

Stainless steel is harder to laser cut than mild steel, requiring slower cutting speeds and higher gas pressures (typically nitrogen for a clean, oxide-free edge). It work-hardens during machining, so sharp tooling and appropriate feeds/speeds are essential. TIG welding produces the cleanest results and is standard for stainless fabrication. Bending is possible but requires more force than mild steel, and allowances for springback must be factored in.

Surface Finishes

2B (standard mill finish), No. 4 brushed (linear satin), mirror polish (No. 8), electropolish, passivation (acid treatment to restore/enhance the oxide layer). Stainless steel generally does not require painting or coating, though it can be powder coated for colour.

When to Choose Stainless Steel

Choose stainless steel when corrosion resistance is required without coatings, for food-contact or hygienic applications, architectural features, medical equipment, or anywhere a clean, professional appearance matters. Use 304 for general indoor use and 316 for marine, coastal, or chemically aggressive environments.

Limitations

Stainless steel is more expensive than mild steel (roughly 2–3 times the material cost). It is slower and more expensive to laser cut due to slower speeds and nitrogen gas consumption. It is heavier than aluminium and can be challenging to machine due to work hardening. Surface scratches, while not affecting corrosion resistance, can be visually noticeable on polished finishes.

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